Important Tool Used For The Political Field - 1333 Words

Close Consideration is the important tool used to analyze works of nonfiction like governmental documents, political documents, and/or books, and social statements. Close consideration of a document is when you analyze a document for fallacies, claims, analogies, etc. It’s mostly used to analyze political claims, looking for types of claims and fallacies. By using close consideration a reader becomes more enlightened to a politician s claim and his or her fallacies, this is very important in the political field because it determines whether or not a candidate receives your support. By using the strategy of close consideration, a reader could analyze any form of documentation to become a more informed voter, a more informed citizen that†¦show more content†¦This example shows that the effect of close consideration on claims and fallacies brings a higher awareness to an issue. Whether educational, political, social, close consideration of any topic will enlighten more people. Take into account the following quote by Karl Marx, from the Manifesto of the Communist Party, â€Å"Communism is acknowledged by all powers to be itself a power.† The mentioned quote by Karl Marx talks about the effect of communism in Europe. According to him, the communist party is considered a force to be reckoned with by all of the European nations. This claim of fact has an effect on the reader, making the reader assume that the communist party is strong. However, this statement contains a hasty generalization. The quote assumes that communism is considered a power by the other european nations, but it fails to acknowledge the more powerful european nations like Britain, who, being a much wealthier country, would fail in acknowledging the existence of the communist party, while other countries like Russia where there was poverty and indecent working conditions, considered communism to be an amazing ideology, one capable of relieving them from the indecent condi tions and to work in a better climate, and to be paid equally. If one does not notice the fallacy in his statement, readers will have a false idea that communism is having an

The American Revolution And Slavery - 3056 Words

Slavery Demetria Juarez 1301.11 US History From 1763-1877 Dr. Gwinyai P. Muzorewa Lamar University Abstract This mission involves discovering how the Civil War was remembered during the nineteenth century. Slavery was a controversial concern during this era, especially for those that endured the pain and suffering, the victims. Examining events, such as the Three-fifths Clause, the Fugitive Slave Clause, the Civil War and the abolition of Slavery. Observing these events, it becomes clear the American Revolution was also an attempt to diminish the perspective of the north and south pertaining to the concept of equality and human rights regardless of color. Demonstrating that the American Revolution was one of the most memorable occurrences in American history, this research highlights the importance of the revolution in shaping the actions of the United States government and initializing the concept of â€Å"liberty and justice for all,† with regard to the statues of Black Americans. Therefore this paper will exhibit the profound effects on the institution of Slavery. The American Revolution and Slavery (Outline) Slavery in 1763-1877 I. The American Revolution had deep rooted effects on slavery. a) African Americans fought during the Revolution b) Five thousand African-Americans enlisted in state militias and the Continental army and navy. c) Some slaves gained freedom by serving in place of an owner. d) Abolitionist’s laws started slowlyShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The American Revolution938 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts that are constantly changing, and the American Revolution brought upon major changes to their definitions in the colonies. Two major changes of beliefs were in the concept of slavery and also the roles of women in society. The American Revolution was partly based on the right for American’s to control their own property. At this time property could include other human beings. Before the revolutionary war, slavery was a central institution in American society in the late 18th century. AlthoughRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution1987 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery has been a key issue in American history since the first settlers settled here in 1607. Historians such as Vincent J Rosivach writes that when the issue of slavery is mentioned the first thing people think about is the slavery model of the deep south, the cotton kingdom. Rosivach writes that there were many different slave models such as the northern American colonies and 4th century Athens. Rosivach and many other historians agree that the way slavery was done in the north was totally differentRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution1132 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery, was an institution strongly integrated into American s ociety. This economic system was primarily used in the Southern states of the United State on the plantation areas where tobacco, rice, corn, and eventually cotton were grown. Inspirations of freedom and liberty spread throughout the United States prior to the American Revolution. Along with thoughts of liberty came thoughts of emancipation of this system. â€Å"Even after the prolonged battle for independence, when cries for liberty rangRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution2902 Words   |  12 PagesThat is the reason behind me choosing my topic on slavery in that era because it is such a wide and important topic with so much relevance and importance to creating the U.S. that we live in today not only building the foundation but creating the melting pot that the U.S. prides itself on. Within the body of this essay we will discussing many important topics on slavery including the Haitian Revolution, Brazil being the last country to abolish slavery, showing the difference be tween women and men slavesRead MoreAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution885 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that was not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past forms of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wantingRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe slave population in the United States of America grew to 500,000 in 1176, documenting slavery as part of the American Revolution became increasingly important. America was rooted in slavery; and it contributed to the economy and social structure. The revolution forced citizens of the new nation to be conscious of slavery and its potential dismissal from every day life. Two articles that prove slavery only succeeded because of the false reality that slave owners created and the conformity toRead MoreSlavery During The American Revolution Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery was held out until 1865, but during this time period abolitionist are trying to do anything to stop slavery. The reason being is because slavery wasn’t slavery anymore. Slavery was beginning to become more advance due to technological innovation. The Abolitionist are people that were against slavery and would boycott anything to get rid of slavery. The argument that the Abolitionist had during this time period was its conditions as violating Christian’s principals and rights to equalityRead MoreAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution879 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many sl aves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past form of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wanting freedomRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1771 Words   |  8 Pagesto slavery and underwent the American Revolutionary War. Colonization of the New World by Europeans during the seventeenth century resulted in a great expansion of slavery, which later became the most common form of labor in the colonies. According to Peter Kolchin, modern Western slavery was a product of European expansion and was predominantly a system of labor. Even with the introduction of slavery to the New World, life still wasn’t as smooth as we may presume. Although the early American colonist sRead MoreEssay about The American Revolution and the Institution of Slavery580 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The American Revolution is defined as the political turbulence that took place towards the end of eighteenth century when thirteen colonies in America united to attain freedom from the British Empire (Clifford, 2005). The union of the thirteen colonies is now known as the United States of America. According to Clifford (2005), the American Revolution occurred because of a series of political, intellectual, and social transformations in the American government and society, which is

Convexity and Nonsatiation Free Essays

Checking the convexity and nonsatiation assumptions EC201 LSE Margaret Bray October 25, 2009 1 Nonsatiation 1. 1 1. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Convexity and Nonsatiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 The simple story De? nition and conditions for nonsatiation Informally nonsatiation means that â€Å"more is better†. This is not a precise statement, and it is possible to work with a number of di? erent de? nitions. For EC201 †¢ Nonsatiation means that utility can be increased by increasing consumption of one or both goods. If the utility function is di? erentiable you should test for nonsatiation by ? nding the partial derivatives of the utility function. 1. 1. 2 Example: testing for convexity with a Cobb-Douglas utility function A Cobb-Douglas utility function has the form u(x1 , x2 ) = xa xb where a gt; 0 and b gt; 0. Here u(x1 , x2 ) = 12 2/5 3/5 x1 x2 . Assuming that x1 gt; 0 and x2 gt; 0 the partial derivatives are ? u ?x1 ?u ?x2 = = 2 ? 3/5 3/5 x2 gt; 0 x 51 3 2/5 ? 2/5 gt; 0. xx 51 2 (1) (2) You should note that because the partial derivatives are both strictly1 positive utility is a strictly2 increasing function of both x1 and x2 when x1 gt; 0 and x2 gt; 0 so nonsatiation is satis? ed. 1. 1. 3 Implications of nonsatiation 1. If utility is strictly increasing in both goods then the indi? erence curve is downward sloping because if x1 is increased holding x2 constant then utility is increased, so it is necessary to reduce x2 to get back to the original indi? erence curve. 2. If utility is strictly increasing in both goods then a consumer that maximizes utility subject to the budget constraint and nonnegativity constraints will choose a bundle of goods which satis? es the budget constraint as an equality so p1 x1 + p2 x2 = m, because if p1 x1 + p2 x2 lt; m it is possible to increase utility by increasing x1 and x2 whilst still satisfying the budget constraint. A number is strictly positive if it is greater than 0. function is strictly increasing in x1 if when x0 gt; x1 and x2 is held constant at x2 then u x0 , x2 gt; u (x1 , x2 ). 1 1 The important point here is that the inequality gt; is strict. 2A 1 1. 1. 4 Nonsatiation with perfect complements utility A utility function of the form u (x1 , x2 ) = min (a1 x1 , a2 x2 ) is called a perfect complements utility function, but the partial derivative argument does not work because the partial derivatives do not exist at a point where a1 x1 = a2 x2 which is where the solution to the consumer’s utility maximizing problem always lie. This is discussed in consumer theory worked example 6 1. 2 1. 2. 1 Nonsatiation: beyond EC201 Complications with the Cobb-Douglas utility function A really detailed discussion of nonsatiation with Cobb-Douglas utility would note that the partial derivative argument does not work at points where the partial derivatives do not exist. The partial ? u derivative does not exist if x1 = 0 because the formula requires dividing by 0. Similarly the ? x1 ?u formula for requires dividing by 0 if x2 = 0 so the function does not have a partial derivative with ? x2 respect to x2 when x2 = 0. However observe that if x1 = 0 or x2 = 0 then u(x1 , x2 ) = 0, whereas if x1 gt; 0 and x2 gt; 0 then u(x1 , x2 ) gt; 0 so if one or both x1 and x2 is zero then increasing both x1 and x2 always increases utility. Thus nonsatiation holds for all values of x1 and x2 with x1 ? 0 and x2 ? 0. 1. 2. 2 More general formulations ?u ?u gt; 0 and gt; 0 implies nonsatiation. However these conditions can be ?x1 ?x2 weakened considerably without losing the implication that the consumer maximizes utility by choosing a point on the budget line which is what really matters. For example if utility is increasing in good 1 but decreasing in good 2 so good 2 is in fact a â€Å"bad† the consumer maximizes utility by spending all income on good 1 and nothing on good 2. The condition that 2 2. 1 2. 1. 1 Convexity and concavity Concepts Convex sets A set is convex if the straight line joining any two points in the set lies entirely within the set. Figure 1 illustrates convex and non-convex sets. 2. 1. 2 Convex functions A function is convex if the straight line joining any two points on the graph of the function lies entirely on or above the graph as illustrated in ? gure 2. Another way of looking at convex functions is that they are functions for which the set of points lying above the graph is convex. Figure 2 suggests that if the ? rst derivative of a function does not decrease anywhere then the function is convex. This suggestion is correct. If the function has a second derivative that is positive or zero everywhere then the ? rst derivative cannot decrease so the function is convex. This gives a way of testing whether a function is convex. Find the second derivative; if the second derivative is positive or zero everywhere then the function is convex. 2. 1. 3 Concave functions Concave functions are important in the theory of the ? rm. A function is concave if the straight line joining any two points on the graph of the function lies entirely on or below the graph as illustrated in ? gure 3. Another way of looking at concave functions is that they are functions for which the set of points lying below the graph is convex. Figure 3 suggests that if the ? rst derivative of a function does not increase anywhere then the function is concave. This suggestion is correct. If the function 2 Convexity Mathematically a set is convex if any straight line joining wo points in the set lies in the set. Which of these sets are convex? B A non-convex convex C D convex non-convex Figure 1: Convex sets A function is convex if a straight line joining two points on its graph lies entirely on or above the function. If the second derivative of the function is positive or zero at every point then x2 the function is convex. 0 x1 Figure 2: A convex function 3 A f u nc tio n is c on ca ve if a s tra ight lin e joining tw o po ints on its g ra ph lies en tirely o n or be low the fun ction . If the s ec on d de riva tiv e o f the fun ction is ne ga tive or zero a t e very p oint the n 2 the fun ction is c on ca ve . ca ve 0 x1 Figure 3: A concave function has a second derivative that is negative or zero everywhere then the ? rst derivative cannot increase so the function is concave. This gives a way of testing whether a function is convex. Find the second derivative; if the second derivative is negative or zero everywhere then the function is concave. You may ? nd it easier to remember the di? erence between convex and concave functions if you think that a function is concave if it has a cave underneath it. 2. 2 2. 2. 1 Convexity in consumer theory De? nition The convexity assumption in consumer theory is that for any (x10 , x20 ) the set of points for which u(x1 , x2 ) ? u (x10 , x20 ) is convex. If utility is strictly increasing in both x1 and x2 so the indi? erence curve slopes downwards the convexity assumption is is equivalent to an assumption that thinking of the indi? erence curve as the graph of a function that gives x2 as a function of x1 the function is convex. ?u ?u gt; 0 and gt; 0 so the indi? erence Thus if the test for nonsatiation establishes that both ?x1 ?x2 curves are downward sloping the convexity assumption can be tested by rearranging the equation for an indi? rence curve to get x2 as a function of x1 and u, and then ? nding whether the second derivative ? 2 x2 gt; 0. ?x2 1 2. 2. 2 Example: testing for convexity with a Cobb-Douglas utility function 2/5 3/5 Here u(x1 , x2 ) = x1 x2 . Write 2/5 3/5 u = x1 x2 . (3) Rearranging to get x2 as a function of x1 and u ?2/3 x2 = u5/3 x1 . Holding u constant so staying on the sa me indi? erence curve ? x2 2 ?5/3 = ? u5/3 x1 ?x1 3 and 10 5/3 ? 8/3 ? 2 x2 = gt;0 u x1 ?x2 9 1 4 (4) ?u ?u gt; 0 and gt; 0 the indi? erence ?x1 ?x2 curve is downward sloping and the preferred set is above the indi? rence curve so the convexity condition is satis? ed. so on an indi? erence curve x2 is a convex function of x1 . Because 2. 2. 3 Algebra problems You should know how to rearrange equation 3 to get equation 4. If this is causing you problems note ? rstly that equation 3 implies that ? ?5/3 2/5 3/5 2/3 u5/3 = x1 x2 = x1 x2 so x2 = 2. 3 u5/3 2/3 x1 ?2/3 = u5/3 x1 . Beyond EC201 Concavity and convexity can be de? ned algebraically and this is essential if you want to prove any results about concavity and convexity rather than appealing to intuition as I have done here. The procedure I have given for checking the convexity condition in consumer theory requires that the ? rst ? u ?u derivatives gt; 0 and gt; 0 and does not work with more than two goods. There is a much ? x1 ?x2 more general method; write down the matrix of second derivatives of the function u (x1 , x2 ). If this matrix is positive semide? nite everywhere the function is convex, if the matrix is negative semide? nite everywhere the function is concave. You do not need to know about this for EC201. 5 How to cite Convexity and Nonsatiation, Papers

Social Work Theory and Practice-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: What are the main challenges faced by social work today when working with individuals and families in our Australian context. Consider the political, cultural and social diversity that social workers face in their work and how the professions values, ethics and theoretical perspectives provide direction for practice. Answer: Social work can be considered as a practice-oriented profession as well as an academic discipline that results in the promotion of social change and growth. It is considered as a regulated career where social workers have been inducted in a unique manner to serve and support individuals, communities, families in order to accomplish some of the biggest challenges and risks of life (Lawrence, 2016). However, social workers play a vital role in protecting the liberty and rights to enhance and empower children, grown-ups and families. Social workers implement a distinctive array of legal and social work awareness and knowledge to assist citizens to bring alterations in their lives. This essay aims to understand the challenges and risks experienced by social workers while interacting and working with individuals and communities situated in the Australia. The paper will also elaborate certain political, cultural and social diversities that social agents experience during their course of wo rk by shedding light on the way these factors are influencing the Australian families. In addition to this, it will also focus on the means in which these issues will give impact on the social policies and social work practices. Lastly, this essay will be providing certain theoretical as well as ethical frameworks that will support social workers to manage and navigate risks and challenges during their everyday work. Social workers have always represented areas of concern regarding their public representation from the foundation of their professionalism. However, traditionally social agents have continued to accomplish the role of protectors and guardians of the helpless and vulnerable members of the society. However, confusions and hostility pertaining to this type of work might create hindrance to accomplish the aims of the profession to assist and navigate public in need. During the mid nineteenth century, the role of social work in Australia had been moderately vulnerable in authority (Dominelli, 2017). Several limited training opportunities and a sharp decline in trained employee workforce created obstacles in the process of expansion and expertise of social work in various areas related to its production and service. Therefore, the establishment of training institutions for social work occurred in three states namely Victoria, New South Wales as well as South Australia. Social agents had been experiencing issues of work practices, womens rights in the early as well as later decades. The idea of ethics, morals and principles of practice is a difficult process to work within limited space. It becomes immensely complex to envision the reaching global agreed state of fundamental values and ethics of practice for dealing with youth, children, parents as well as other members of the family. In all significant respects, childhood is a phase, which remains attached to the marginalized section as a temporary and intermediary status (Adams, 2011). The outcome of children being debarred from engaging into the vital positions of the society. Older children and adolescents are also often considered as unruly and wearisome who fail to be engaged with the practice of social work and further facilitate to the society (McMahon Camberis, 2017). Social workers perceive the situation of children as a matter of concern while taking their positions within the social str ucture into consideration. However, it must be noted that the focal area of social workers deal with the areas of inclination of children that has a considerable increase in the past decades. An intense and collaborative relationship of AASW with the government, educational institutes, customer associations and community has been witnessed the immense significance of Aboriginal and Torres State Islanders (Alma Iran, 2015). The practice of social service with the Aboriginal communities is Australia is notified by understanding. Social workers acknowledge the historical shortcomings of the community and further implications related to the act of social service. They honour and identify the ethnicity and cultural diversity of the Australian society with the existence of diversity among the people, communities and groups belonging to indigenous and other cultures. The varied references and information of indigenous groups, the AASW code has been revised which added general statement related to cultural diversity (Coombs, Nicholas, Parkas, 2013). A case of serious concern lies regarding the analysis of social work ethics. Several social service practitioners who worked on im migrants, refugees and non-English speaking communities have stated that the AASW code failed to address several areas of concern such as sexuality, culture, race, ethnicity and alike. Modernist theorise often create obstacles for social workers to deal with the participants responses. Social work practitioners must consider the significant economic implications while dealing with mental health services. Several factors, which have relation to socioeconomic status, may situate the poverty-stricken victims who are often denied assistance by social workers. Although social workers often make frequent visits to the places of socially and economically deprived families, many have expressed fear and apathetic towards the families. Many have stated to continue their practice within the places of their comfort with clients paying visit to them. However, the times when assistance towards mental health are situated at a distance from the communities which they have claimed to serve certain level of biasness becomes evident from the position of the social workers. The notions of services to mental health and wellbeing remain indistinct and blurred to many communities with varied cultural aspects. For instance, the concepts comprehended in English and Spanish language fail to demonstrate similar connotations. There is a great need and demand for bilingual social practitioners who can effectively illustrate the purpose of the work while catering various sections of linguistic minorities. A sudden unemployment surge in recent times has caused an immense effect on the industrial growth of the country. The anticipation of over sixty five thousand job cuts raised an issue of concern amongst the Australian families (Carvalho, 2015). However, it must be taken into account that this type of unemployment stress has given rise to mental illness among the workers in the labour force. The rate of labour retrenchment has severely hit the Australian youth that has increased from twelve to fifteen percent with less than a decade. A nongovernmental organization in this country has characterized this kind of a disgraceful economic state as a scandalous situation for the countrys youths. In recent times, Australian families are experiencing several social risks and challenges. An overbearing past of colonization has led the countrys political situation be troubled with various conservative liberalism, privatization as well as market philosophy. Subjects related to the issues of respecting and giving privileges to other cultures has predominantly existed in this country. Australia has been assigned to the Universal Declaration on Human Rights that further states the equality and respect for all humans in terms of rights, freedoms and authorities with the exclusion of any kind of racism (Fozdar, Hartley, 2013). An amount of over five million families in Australia was living in the country during 1990s (Robinson, 2013). A vast population of immigrants of the Aboriginal as well as Torres Strait Islanders backgrounds has been witnessed in comparison to the communities who did not belong to the indigenous families. However, it was noted that the former resided in multifam ily households whereas the later were mainly single households. One of the causes related to this disparity lied on the increasing rates of unemployment and economic scarcity among the Indigenous families (Bennett, 2015). The cause of the difference also occurred due to the reasonably higher percentage of deaths and male imprisonment. Socio economic dissimilarity has been considered as another cause of family diversity where the availability of jobs and adequate earnings were not distributed equally among the families in Australia. The early twenty first century had witnessed about twenty percent of families without a bread earner, a percentage of almost fifty consisting of sole earners who were primarily women (Markus, 2014). There is a need of social as well as public policies to be implemented in order to protect and respond to the divergence of individualistic and family assemblage occurring in the Australian society. These policies further needs to focus on the social, ethnic a nd economic factors related to the society. Public policies are significant, as the growing rates of unemployment, single parent families and deprivation have caused major impacts on the living conditions of the youth and children of the country. Employee engagement and availability of jobs along with labour market policies, health facilities can either lead to the advancement and promotion of equality and reduce exclusion. The process of migration has been a critical factor for the growth of the Australias social capital. Millions of migrants have chosen this country as a place for occupation, production as well as fill up the gaps of labour scarcity. It must be taken into account that a countrys cultural and economic development is highly dependent on the migrant population, who not only upsurges the human investment stocks but also leads to the increase in social and recreational activities of the Australians. The major portion of social revenue that is related to migration is characterized as short term and is developed from the process of settlement. The immigrant families experience several dilemmas associated with difficulties with English language, cultural assimilation, and lack of infrastructure facilities as well along with spiritual and religious fundamentalism (Bennett, 2015). Several other concerns raised by the indigenous communities were mostly related to the temporary association or cul tural struggle between the migrants and the members associated with the host culture. The Federal Government of Australia for past several years has been actively working on the fund distribution to ethno specific groups through the means of the immigration department. The main purpose of this financial support was to provide services to the refugees as well as humanitarian entrants (Kilpatrick et al., 2015). This funding system has proved to be greatly beneficial to the Australian communities in reaching out to the settlement development in the country. These funding have not played a vital role in the establishment of members of diverse communities but has also contributed to an effective settlement for thousands of refugees. However, it must be noted that this process of settlement can be interrupted and hindered by few external factors which might led an individual to lose his own refugee area. Communities, which are based particularly on ethnicity, have huge reliance and dependence on the SGP funded position in order to improve the sustainability level (Ballantyn e Burke, 2017). However, a loss of such an organization has caused immense impact of the ethnic organizations because of their high-level dependency. Several ethno specific organizations were left with no capitals and incomes to provide further contributions to the wider community via these services, which are created to meet communitarian needs and desires. The practice of social work involves several stages of evaluation, observation, and intervention with an involvement of supporting and promoting human development and social justice. In order to have a smooth social work practice and initiate these strategies, social practitioners must observe and evaluate the way to proceed with each phase within a given circumstances. The concept of social policy along with social welfare is often identified as similar concepts although they have varied approaches. These practice of social policy and justice results in different explanations and even contradictory views that is dependent on the position of the affected ones both as a recipient and contributor. The idea of social justice relies on the welfare of human beings that can be recognized worldwide. The Chinese civilization argues about the concepts of social guiding principles and social welfare which can be found in the traditional ways of teaching of the ancient philosophers who has stil l immense contribution in various Chinese educational institutions (Scerra, 2012). The implementation of social justice to the mankind has its origin in the Global Declaration of Human Rights Charter of the United Nations that spoke how human rights has strong association with dignity and value of individuals who seek to ensure freedom and sovereignty from all types of fear and anxiety. The core responsibility in social work practice remains in accomplishing obligations in order to look after human rights for achieves justice. The role of governments is confronted by differing and conflicting human demands and desires from varied sections of the society. The concept of risk tolerance plays a vital role in the act of practice for a social worker. This concept of risk tolerance is referred as a level of comfort social workers take, both for oneself as well as for the client (resources, priorities and alike) during their social service in order to accomplish the purpose (Ritchie et al., 2013). Another component related to social work is the model for ethical decision-making. However, it must be taken into account that maintaining ethical strategies is not considered, as an effortless job as even with the most accurate purpose and objectives social workers might still be ineffective. Social work practitioners must incorporate proper strategies while making ethical decisions. An effective observation and understanding of the participants through constructing disagreements and arguments would help in the justification of the actions of the social workers. Practitioners must determine the aims and purposes, which participants will accomplis h. Ethical social workers are confident in the usage of decision making that further supports to critical thinking as well as reflection. It is required for the social workers to use specialized and proficient decision-making equipments during the interaction and consultation with students or supervisors. This ethical framework is considered as a primary component in order to conduct a professional social service practice. Social practitioners experience several dilemmas during their practice and further require resolving those effectively. Certain issues social workers face during their practice can be self-disclosure, confidentiality, personal and qualified boundaries and lastly difference of interest. Regardless to the expertise and skills professional social work, practitioners possess, yet they would be bombarded with several issues and dilemma because of certain challenging societal or behavioural reinforcement. The issues, which social workers face while conducting their practices in a school context include issues related to abuse, harassment, school attendance, aggression and other psychological concerns that negatively influence student socialization. However, through the process of social learning theory, practitioners can observe and work on these issues. The concept of general system theoretical practice puts prominence to the reciprocity of relationships among the elements of the system (Blaikie et al., 2014). This theory helps in enhancing the attention of the social worker to diverse organizations within which an individual functions. Conflict theory is considered as a significant foundation for social work related to the association of communities for macro level wor k. The interests and aims of various leaders, organizers remain unnoticed and disregarded because of their lack of alignment to dominant thoughts and perceptions (Congress, 2017). Thus, there lies a requirement of identifying the interests and desires of these organizer and directors. The duty of community organizers is to bridge the gaps found within communities and neighbourhood resulted because of the conflicts among members of the communities. Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that the fundamental purpose of social work is to provide guidance and assistance to their clients and members of the society to accomplish their respective needs as well as desires to further enhance and encourage the humanitarian wellbeing. Social work practitioners work in a productive manner to act in response to the demands and obligations of the members of the society. The essay highlights certain challenges social workers experience while conducting their work with the Australian Aboriginals and Torrent Islander Communities. The paper further focuses on the factors influencing the migrants and refugee population in the country. Lastly, the paper will elaborate certain ethical and theoretical frameworks, which would assist the social workers to navigate challenges during their course of work. References Adams, R. (Ed.). (2011).Working with children and families: knowledge and contexts for practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Ballantyne, G., Burke, L. (2017). People live in their heads a lot: Polymedia, life course, and meanings of home among Melbournes older Irish community.Transnational Social Review,7(1), 10-24. Bennett, B. (2015). Stop deploying your white privilege on me! 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