Muhammad Ali - The Greatest :: Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr

In the mid year of 1960, a youngster remained on a platform wearing a gold award around his neck, while the â€Å"Star Spangled Banner† played. A hero stood, not knowing the nation’s see on competitors until the end of time. It was the principal look for the man who might come to be known as the best.      Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. was conceived in Louisville, Kentucky on January 17, 1942. Youthful Clay discovered enclosing 1954 after his bicycle was taken at the Louisville Home Show. He revealed the burglary to neighborhood cop, Joe Martin, and disclosed to him he would pummel whoever took the bicycle. Martin giggled at the possibility of such a little kid pounding somebody, so he chose to prepare Clay. Martin, who additionally instructed boxing to nearby youth at the Columbia Gym, showed the 89-pound Clay how to box during his high school years. From that day on, Clay would appear each day at the rec center predictably taking a shot at his aptitudes.      By 1958, Clay had dropped out of secondary school with a few novice boxing titles, and by 1960, he was getting ready to contend in the Olympics. In the gold-decoration coordinate for the light-heavyweight division, Clay confronted Polish southpaw Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, and won the gold in three rounds. After the Olympics, Clay got an agreement from the Louisville Sponsoring Group for $333 every month, in addition to a $10,000 marking reward.      With no more cash issues to stress over, Clay had more opportunity to consider what was happening in his general surroundings. He gave overwhelming consideration to the Civil Rights Movement and he needed to be a piece of it. In any case, it was extremely hard for a youthful dark man to be heard in the mid 1960’s. The main gathering giving a voice to the â€Å"common man† was the Nation of Islam. In 1962, Clay headed to Detroit to hear the Nation of Islam’s pioneer, the noteworthy Elijah Muhammad, talk. He likewise met somebody who might incredibly impact his life, a man named Malcolm X.      Clay examined X’s lessons of Islam, yet more along these lines, Clay concurred with X’s see on how blacks were treated in the United States. Both Clay and X put stock in complete in absolute isolation among blacks and whites living in America. â€Å"I’m no troublemaker. I don’t put stock in constrained incorporation. I know where I have a place. I’m not going to compel myself into anybody’s house.† Clay likewise upheld X’s analysis on the peaceful development in the southern states.

Well Done Is Better Than Well Said (by Moshood) free essay sample

All around shown improvement over all around said Distinguished spoons and respectable men, board of Judges co-debaters and my kindred crowd a salaam Alaskan. It gives me an extraordinary delight to represent the movement cited all around shown improvement over all around said. All around shown improvement over very much said; says who, this is an adage of the well known old printer Benjamin Franklin. I unequivocally faith in the colloquialism activity talks stronger than voice I dont trust in words I put stock in real life, do you put stock in words?!!!We have been living in a universe of unfulfilled guarantees, an existence where freedom just lies in bars, have we not heard enough of the sweet covered expressions of our legislatures and president, to what extent would we say we will stay in this? , there are billions of guarantees yet to be satisfied by our pioneers, on the off chance that we had realized that their words were nothing we would not have decided in favor of much do a ll of you confide in your political pioneers, whose glossed over has no significance spare unfilled and pseudo guarantees. We will compose a custom article test on All around Done Is Better Than Well Said (by Moshood) or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The administration guarantees harmony however yet slaughtering of men Is Like that of murdering chickens, the demise rate has Is on the ascent and the graveyard continues getting guests, well Its so advertisement to realize that words are effortlessly stated, overlooked and sold out yet activities are most certainly not. What might you say about the increasing pace of joblessness, would you be able to check the occasions government have guaranteed business openings, well dont be astounded in light of the fact that words anyway sweet and lovely will remain word if not went with activity. We need activity to change the direction of this nation, we are possibly invested at this point the expressions of our pioneers play little to carry us to the portion of progress. Good Judges, People effectively talk about what they cannot do, why cant men let their activity represent them, shrewd men dont talk their activity represents them, cause activity evacuates the uncertainty that hypothesis can't solve.Coming down the steps to our public activities; double dealing, double-crossing and Lies has become an everyday movement, the three words l LOVE YOU has wound up numerous homes sad , troubled and has even lead to such huge numbers of torn homes, he professes to cherish her however never show care, he professes to adore her yet lack the capacity to deal with her, he deluded her with the words l LOVE YOU just to cause her to endure and despondent, he sold out her trust in his words, he made her desire she knew the fallen angel inside him yet no, she just observed his sweet covere d words at first, presently she realizes that its not what we state cap shows who we truly are, yet rather what we do.Daddy reveals to me a thousands time I love you yet has consistently been occupied in is office and has no opportunity to go through with me, no opportunity to share issues together, no opportunity to disclose to me stories and show me virtues. OK incline toward a thousand words too great deed? I would prefer to suck to a decent deed as opposed to a thousand words. Let me help you to remember the way that champs have program however washouts have pardon, for what reason should one lecture what one can not do, accomplishing something admirably is more impressive and compelling than saying it high rise with their mouth.

History of petroleum History Paper - 1100 Words

History of petroleum History (Research Paper Sample) Content: History of the Petroleum IndustryName: Instructor:Course: Date:IntroductionThe discovery of underground oil first made was by the Chinese in salt wells. 500 years before Christ in the history explains how wells got dug at Tibetan border by the Chinese. These wells were about 100feet deep and contained a mixture of water, natural gases and oil. Later, the Chinese constructed pipelines to draw the oil and the gases from the well. The usage was for lighting. By the time, it was 1500 A.D they managed to dig more than 2000 feet dip. During 13th century, oil gets discovered in Persia. By the time, it was 1590s pits got dug for extracting oil from the surface. In 1650, an oil reservoir discovered at Romania in Europe. This site then was the source of oil in Europe. For more than 200 years, Europe was the first worlds refinery of oil (Clark, 1946).600 million years ago, a believe that decayed plants and remnants of animals are the main constituents of petroleum. These remains are microscopic plankton, responsible for the production of the high carbon in petroleum. This organic carbon contains tiny grained sediments known as Chattanooga shale. This is the principle origin rock for petroleum. Therefore, petroleum is an oil product known throughout history. During the early days, petroleum usage was to coat walls, boat hulls and during the warfare as the fire weapon. Some of the Americans used it as medicine, magic and paint maker. During the 19th century, it got scooped from holes dug underground in Europe. In 1815 street lambs used petroleum as fuel in Prague.During 1859 in Pennsylvania, Edwin Clarke dug a well of oil in creek valley, which became a commercial service. The kerosene produced improved the market of lighting. Therefore, after the incidence everyone got carried up since it was free by then. During the exploration, people did not have the knowledge concerning geology. This brought about confusion to residents of the place. The sale and trade of the product was chaotic since whatever produced was not quality and refined. Thus, storing the petroleum fuel was risky. The government never existed and this made it harder and non safe for the trade. Many companies ventured into the market making the price of crude oil to lower (Francisco, 2004).Later in 1863, John Rockefeller invested in refining companies located in Cleveland. After nine years, he had taken control of more than 20 out of 26 oil refineries located only in Cleveland. He realized the only way to take control of the industry would be through refining. John thought of a way of controlling the business by doing away with the waste duplication. In a span of no time, he had expanded the refineries to other town cities and states. He managed to expand the business by buying out all the competitors. By this time production, marketing and transportation could take place through his supervision. 1n 1890, Rockefeller refining company, had taken 90% control in United State s. He managed to rise, because the products produced were quality such that the pubic depended on them. He named his company as the standard oil company. Standard Oil Company became a monopoly company. An act known as Sherman Anti- trust broke the control Rockefeller had on the industry.World foremost oil companies During those days, everyone in United States took control of all mineral that could be in his/ her property. In other countries, the government took control of any accessible mineral found. Therefore, the position many countries managed was crude production and not refining. There existed only seven refining companies, where five biggest got located in united states. In 1956, Nigeria discovered oil along the Niger delta at a place called Oloibiri. Shell- BP was the co founders of the mineral. In 1958, the oil in Nigeria first production took place. This gave Nigeria the rights to join trade onshore and offshore. In 1972, the main crude oil exporting countries in Middle Ea st had started gaining power, wealth and experts from everywhere the world since 1900. Therefore, establishment of an organization called Petroleum exporting countries pioneered. In 1971, Nigeria joined the organization of petroleum exporting companies. The organization began to be used as the consultation and control centre of oil prices. Back in 1940s and 50s, some of the companies had taken a lead in controlling their products and not collaborating with seven companies known as seven sisters. These companies are; the New Jersey standard oil which became Esso, New York Exxon standard oil became Mobil, Texaco, Gulf, Royal Dutch, California standard oil now Chevron and British Petroleum (BP).Production of oil had dominated in U.S Russia and Dutch East Indies during the 20th century. The exploration started in Iran, seconded by Turkey. In 1930s oil discovered in Kuwait and ten years later a discovery in Ghawar of Saudi Arabia, which remains the largest oil field. Thus, after the end of world war two, a joint oil enterprise made between America and Saudi Arabia creating conglomerates. For instance, Casco, Caltex, Esso and Mobil joined the California standard oil company and formed Aramco (Vassiliou, 2009). Modern oil industry In 1972, ...

To Kill a Mockingbird and the Jim Crow Laws

To Kill a Mockingbird and the Jim Crow Laws Can you imagine living in a nation where you are treated as a lesser human being just because of the color of your skin? The events that happen in the ‘Mocking Bird’ can be related to the Jim Crow rules as blacks were discriminated and treated as less equal members of the society. The Jim Crow Laws were enacted in the late 19th century and were in effect till the 1960s. The laws allowed for racial segregation in all public places in the Southern states in America (Chin and Wagner 65). According to the regulations, African Americans were to have separate facilities, most notably public transport. It was considered a crime when a black person was found in an area that was considered as reserved for whites. In as much as the laws stated that the African American had equal but separate status in the society, their welfare was mostly ignored, and their facilities were not maintained according to the required standards (Hacker 76). Their institutions were not allocated adequate funds, and this led to the marginalization of the black community. Notably, this can be related to the novel, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird,’ which was published in 1960. The story focuses on racism and racial inequality. Observably, the African Americans were the most affected by the Jim Crow Laws. They were constantly under threat of attack or intimidation from their white counterparts (Gullickson 187). Even though they were free and the government recognized this status, they did not feel free in the real sense. The white supremacists were seemingly strengthened by the enactment of Jim Crow rules since they had justifiable reasons for persecuting or attacking the African Americans (Edgar 58). In the ‘To Kill a Mocking Bird,’ Tom Robinson, an African-American, is accused of raping a white girl. Although he is proven to be innocent, he is still convicted. Observably, he is convicted because of his status as a black man. Primarily, comparing this to the situation during the period, the white supremacists always had their way in the justice system, even when the African Americans were proven to be innocent of any crime. They did everything to ensure that the African Americans did not enjoy their freedom in America. It is similar to what happens in the novel as the jury convicts Tom despite being convinced that he did not commit the crime. â€Å"The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place† (Lee 203). The statement means that despite that fact that the court did not have anything to incriminate Tom; he was still sent to jail. However, comparing the events in the novel to the events during the Jim Crow Laws, one notes some distinctions. For instance, during the Jim Crow period, the law enforcement agencies tried to remain impartial even though most of them were corrupted. In the novel, Tom was convicted simply because he was a black, and the law enforcement agencies are clearly observed to take sides. His death is also questionable as he is shot in unclear circumstances. â€Å"He was running during their exercise session. They claim that he went to the fence and started climbing.† (Lee 235). From this statement, one can note that there is doubt in the speech as Atticus does not believe that Tom was killed trying to escape from prison. To conclude this discussion, the novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ is about racial inequality. It can be linked to what the blacks were experiencing in the hands of their white counterparts during the period when the Jim Crow Laws were in effect. Notably, the issues can be observed in the modern society where white supremacists shoot and injure or kill helpless and unarmed blacks, especially teenagers and the youths. The African Americans are still living in fear in some parts of America because of the negative profiling.

The Unique Function Of Nursing - 1867 Words

The Unique Function of Nursing In the time of World War I, nursing care was crucial to all of society, Virginia Henderson recognized this and challenged and applied her theories. Henderson had defined nursing in her dimensions and applied it to the basic human needs. She also was able to reflect and notice the need for a nurse-patient relationship. It was through a critical mind that her theories could be applied to patients of today and of the future. When exploring my future career, it is critical to appreciate and apply this theory to the elderly, the young, the middle-aged and anyone who may come into contact with me as a nurse. Virginia Henderson is commonly known as the â€Å"first lady of nursing† (Nicely, 2011, p.72); in regards to the research and theories she generated throughout her life. Virginia Henderson started her inquisitive nursing journey early in her career. Coming from a family of eight, Henderson had two brothers serving in World War I, and with a foreseen shortage of nurses had enroll ed in the Army School of Nursing. (Gordon, Touhy, Gesse, Dombro Birnach, 2010) With every experience in Henderson’s career, she explored alternate practices to be applied. It was from her skepticism that her theories of nursing that are known today had immerged. In an era when nursing was not commonly explored Virginia Henderson analyzed and had defined nursing in her dimensions. Henderson believed that, The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick orShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1260 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy of Nursing As a professional nurse, my personal philosophy of nursing is based on the core belief that all individuals possess unique characteristics and needs. 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Professor Notes - Court Of Law for Legally Enforceable Contract

Question: Discus about the Court of Law for Legally Enforceable Contract. Answer: 1. It is very important to understand the meaning of a legally enforceable contract and the various elements of a contract before answering the said questions. When an agreement is entered into between two or more parties by an offer and acceptance and which can be enforced in the court of law for any kind of breach is termed as a legally enforceable contract in the eyes of the statute. There are various kinds of contracts that exist such as a construction contract, lease agreement, employment contract etc. An agreement is said to be entered into once an offer is made by the offeror and the same is duly accepted in exchange of a consideration by the offeree. Further to this, an agreement to be in written form is not necessary, thus verbal agreements also construe as a legally enforceable contract except in some situations where a written agreement is a must (Arthur, 2015). The most essential part of a contract is existence of a valid and sufficient consideration. Consideration is basically exchange of something that is valuable for both the contracting parties, thus it has to be in monetary terms is not necessary. As long as there exist a mutual benefit, consideration is said to be present. Lastly the fact that the agreement is to be performed immediately as soon as it is entered is a myth. The mere act of performance or promise to act in future also construes as a valid contract. In the first instance Jane offers his car to Jack before departing overseas. The said offer is duly accepted by Jack without any further negotiations. The market value of the car is known to both the contracting parties to be $25000. But however, the said phrase of consideration is not mentioned in clear terms by Jane while offering her car, neither the mode of receiving payment nor any such other details which would enable one to construe the same as a legally enforceable contract. In such situations also, even if there is no explicit mentioning of the consideration amount yet it is viewed as a valid agreement due to its nature of an implied contract wherein even if the amount is not mentioned specifically yet the same is expected that Jack is to pay Jane $25000 at the time of delivery of the car. On a careful analysis of the said situation it is understood that four major elements of a valid contract is duly present. An offer- made by Jane to Jack, an acceptance- by Jack (Denicola, 2002) , Contract is duly bound by the statute, consideration in the form of a market value. Therefore the fact that the said situation is very condemnatory in nature yet after reviewing the entire situation in detail it can be concluded that a consideration is present. The second scenario is a very crystal clear case. Here Jack while offering her car to Jane clearly mentions th amount of consideration i.e. $25000 and due to the presence of all the four elements of a contract it can be concluded that the said contract is a legally enforceable one. First and foremost Jane makes a clear cut offer to Jack for selling her car without any uncertainty. The said offer is accepted in its true sense by Jack, though verbally but not forcefully. Thirdly the said contract is legally binding upon both Jack and Jane of the state in which the contract has been entered into and lastly there exists a sufficient consideration of $25000. Thus presence of all the four elements of a contract is easily identifiable in the said situation (Rembert, 1997). Legally a consideration is defined as a benefit which should be negotiated between the contracting parties before deciding at the same. It is an essential part of any valid contract and is exchanged either on the performance of an act or a promise to perform an act in future. Consideration should be adequate in nature. Sufficiency is the key for a valid consideration. Thus if the amount of consideration is viewed as unfair i.e. it is either insufficient or overtly priced, in both the stances consideration is not acceptable (Giancaspro, 2014). Furtherance to the this, the amount of consideration should be finalized upon after due deliberations and negotiations so that both the parties tend to gain, thus not causing detriment to any of the two contracting parties. There may arrive some circumstances wherein it would seem that the amount of consideration offered is unfair. There may be various causes such as lack of awareness of the fair price for the contract or any kind of force or coercion to name a few. In such situations the other party should try to disclose the same so that the agreement is not unfair and is entered in good faith, else the court of law would intervene to resolve the said issue (Valente, 2010). In the present scenario there does not exist any element of oppression or force on behalf of any party. Further the consideration may not be adequate but it is sufficient thus acceptable in legal parlance. Thirdly Jane is very well versed with the fair value of the car but still makes an offer for just $2500. This is her decision and right and thus nobody can intervene or question upon the same. However Jack should make an effort from his side to ensure that Jane is aware of the difference in consideration of the actual market value of the car and the value offered by her (Gordon, 1990). Thus the court of law cannot intervene in the said case as there does not exist any malafide intention on the part of both the parties to the contract. There the consideration is a valid one. 2. Agreement drafting is a very critical part while entering into a construction contract. The nature of a construction contract is ambiguous and thus the concept of implied doesnt apply here. Therefore in simple terms, a construction contracts agreement should be drafted in a manner which states all the clauses in details with regards the legal implications of the non-performance of the contract, the exchange fluctuation clause, escalation clause, and how are the contracting parties rights protected in case of breach of contract (Construction Industry Council. 2011). However although the concept of implied does not hold good in case of construction contract yet there are some clauses which automatically become applicable due to its unavoidable nature. Thus an perfect contract is one which clearly defines the rights, duties and the obligation of the contracting parties. This enables to protect them from any kind of breaches and provides solutions in case of possible conflicts. Where the contracting parties reside in two different countries with different currencies, inclusion of an exchange fluctuation clause is a must otherwise the contract would be construed as a fixed price contract. Projects with a long gestation period is the most affected due to fluctuation in currencies thus this clause aims to protect the seller or the builder in case of major fluctuations. Therefore for the seller to claim for fluctuation, the same should be mentioned in the contract agreement else the builder has not rights to halt the construction and claim for the increase. However the same can be done in case there is a mutual consent of the two parties to the contract (Arthur, 2015). The present scenario states about a contract that was entered into between a ship builder and North Ocean Tankers and that the contract consideration was to be given in dollars. The contract failed to mention any clause with regards fluctuation in the currency. But due to devaluation of the currency by 10 percent the builder seemed to suffer a loss. Hence to recover the same he asked the buyer to either pay him the exchange difference else he would stop the construction of the tanker. The buyer who had already taken a charter for the said tanker could not afford to let the same happen so agreed to pay the same and got the delivery of the tanker well on time. Now after nine months of delivery the buyer seeks remedy for the breach of contract by the seller. The said contract was a fixed price contract due to unavailability of the fluctuation clause in the contract agreement (Wilson, 2007). The price to be paid to the seller was clearly mentioned and therefore the contract was not liable to pay any exchange difference which would arise due to fluctuation. Unfortunately the buyer was in a dilemma in the said scenario because he had already taken a charter and he would have to suffer monetary as well as reputational loss if the tanker was not delivered on time by the contractor. Thus under undue pressure he agreed to the terms statd by the contractor and paid the difference and the contract was fulfilled on time and the buyer took the delivery of the tanker. Thus this is a case of mutual resolution even though a breach was conducted by the builder. The very concept of breach of contract got defeated as soon as North Ocean tankers paid to the demand made by the ship builder. But the situation would have been different if the buyer had not resorted to the demand of the ship builder and taken an action against his undue and illegal demand at the that particular point of time. He would have succeeded i a case was filed against the ship builder. He would have had dual benefit if a legal case would have been initiated (Caldwell, 2012). The seller would have had no option but to compensate the buyer for any loss that he would have had suffered due to such a demand and breach. But in this case the builder took advantage of the situation knowing very well that the buyer had already taken the charter and hence was in need of the tanker. The next important point to understand is that the damage could be claimed if the breach of contract was bought to the notice of the legal authorities at the time of occurrence of the same. However, it is to be understood that the said stance is flexible and not universal. The plaintiff may be protected in some exceptional situations. But for the same, the plaintiff has to prove that he has performed his part of the contract and there is no breach from his side. The present scenario seems to be difficult to be in favour of the buyer since considerable time has lapsed and he had resorted to his demand. An ideal situation would have been one where the buyer would not have paid to the seller and filed a suit against the seller for breach of contract to seek remedy(Kinlan, Roukema, 2011). This would have helped him to enter into a mutual consent with him wherein the loss would have been borne mutually by them. The shipbuilder performed his part of the contract on time without any delay so that the buyer doesnt suffer losses. Thus in the eyes of the law the builder has not breached the contract and demanding for a price revision due to currency fluctuations on good faith is not an illegal act. Had the buyer approached the court at the time of occurrence of the breach then the same would have been resolved through arbitration. On analysing the situation in depth it seems to be a difficult affair for the buyer to seek for a remedy specially when the tanker has already been on board for nine months now. Maximum that the buyer can ask for by filing a suit is the loss he had suffered due to fulfilling of the demand of price revision (Curtis, 2012). Therefore I would suggest that filing of a law suit would be wastage of time as well as money as the final verdict would be in favour of the ship builder. References: Arthur, J. (2015). Damages and Equitable Compensation in a Commercial Setting, [Online] Available at: https://www.gordonandjackson.com.au/uploads/documents/seminar-papers/Damages_and_Equitable_Compensation_-_John_Arthur.pdf [ accessed 26th August 2016] Arthur, L., (2015), 5 Requirements for a Contract, Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-requirements-contract-15616.html [Accessed 26th August 2016] Caldwell, B., (2012), Shipbuilding Contracts: The Allocation of Risk between Purchaser and Builder, Western Mariner: Canada Construction Industry Council.( 2011), Guidelines on Contract Price Fluctuation System, Available at : https://www.cic.hk/cic_data/pdf/about_cic/publications/eng/V10_6_e_V00_20111219.pdf [ Accessed 26th August 2016] Curtis, S. (2012).The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts. Fourth Edition, Oxon: Informa Law from Routledge Denicola, R. (2002), The Law of Contracts, Jones and Bartlett Learning: USA Giancaspro, M.A., (2014), For Your Consideration : Old Rules , Practical Benefit and a New Approach to Contractual Variation, A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Law, The University of Adelaide. Gordon, J.D., (1990). A Dialogue About the Doctrine of Consideration, Cornell Law Review, vol. 75 Kinlan, D., Roukema, D., (2011), When is an Escalation Clause Necessary? Dealing with Price Fluctuations in Dredging Contracts, Terra et Aqua, vol. 125, pp. 3-9 Rembert, M.R., (1997), The Requirement of Consideration, Australian Law Journal, vol 71 Valente, D., (2010), Enforcing Promises: Consideration and Intention in the Law of Contract, (LLB (Hon) Thesis ), The University of Otago Wilson, T.J., (2007), Additional Payments under Construction Contracts, Construction Management and Economics, vol. 25

Sun Also Rises And Jake Barnes Essays - English-language Films

Sun Also Rises And Jake Barnes People often mentally distance themselves from their peers do to flaws and irregularities that they may suffer from. In The Sun Also Rises Jake Barnes constantly seems to be distanced and un willing to accept the people and environment that he lives in. The impotence that Jake Barnes physically suffers from leads him to suffer from mental impotence regarding the reality of his actions and the environment in which he lives. Aside from Jakes own actions, this impotence is reflected through supporting characters such as Brett and Cohn by the authors' use of the literary devices parody and irony. Jake Barnes is a veteran ex-patriot of WWI living in Paris, France. During the war Jake received a wound that led him into a life of physical impotence. While in a hospital Jake met and fell in love with Lady Brett Ashley whom he desires throughout the novel. Jake is the editor of a newspaper in France, yet his life circulates around his journey to find meaning and acceptance into society. Jake is often measuring the morals of others and trying to find an appropriate way to go about his own life. Jake and the other characters, who suffer from similar mental impotency for one reason or another, are often found to be drinking and seeking sexual relations. Through these actions Jake is attempting to numb himself to the reality that is the world he lives in yet does not understand. Jake goes to bars and drinks so that he might escape from the turmoil his meaningless life has become. Jake is often found to be making attempts to please Brett in any way possible, through this he reveals that he is attempting to gain her acceptance and affection but does not realize that many of these actions are only leading her further from him. Jake feels unaccepted because that he cannot participate in a ritualistic part of the lives that his peers exploit, sex. The use of parody in The Sun Also Rises allows for the reader to relate the characters different experiences to their impotence. I one of the first scenes Jake is found riding in an horse drawn open air taxi with a prostitute whom he has picked up to keep him company and give the appearance that he is promiscuous. Just after this incident Jake is riding in an enclosed taxi with Brett participating in an emotional struggle. The first scene is romantic and flagrant with its appealing environmental descriptions and fancy carriage whereas in the second scene the surroundings depict construction and a more dismal environment, not at all romantic. This parody is relevant because that Jake did not want to be exposed to the rest of the world when his body did not accept Brett, yet in the carriage with the prostitute he was merely attempting to appear as if he were a part of the sexual atmosphere that he lives in. Jake spends the entire novel searching for the affection of Lady Brett, yet in many instances urges her to go and be with other men. Through such irony it is revealed that Jake wants more than anything to make Brett happy. When Jakes handicap does not allow him to be with Brett he attempts to please her by finding others that can do so. By doing so Jakes emotions are only damaged to a greater extent yet he sees it as rational. Jake becomes jealous and angry after Cohn has an affair with Brett because that he believes that Cohn is the only one in his circle of friends who has not become disillusioned and daunted by society. The Sun Also Rises is the story of Jake Barnes' search for a way to go about living his life and find acceptance. Throughout the novel the reader is allowed to see what is wrong with his life and what he is doing wrong in his attempts to fix it. Jake does not grasp that he has the ability to gain Brett's acceptance without being her sexual partner.

Top 8 Jobs for Cat Lovers

Top 8 Jobs for Cat Lovers are you a cat person? cats are much more independent than dogs. cat lovers tend to be open-minded, and respectful of cats’ ability to think for themselves. cat lovers are often introverted, sensitive and intelligent. their jobs should allow them to work independently. of course, finding a perfect career isn’t as easy as picking a side on the dog person or cat person debate. but if you are a cat lover and would rather hang out with cats than people, consider these occupations:1. cat sitter[via imgur.com]people love their cats and they want the best cat sitter to look after their cats. it is not easy to find a good cat sitter. many pet sitters aren’t cat people and thus don’t understand cat’s little quirks. if you love spending time with cats, and want to be your own boss, consider starting your own cat sitting business.to become a responsible and professional cat sitter, you should definitely look into taking first aid and cpr courses. get liability insurance and bond if that’s a requirement in your state.make yourself visible in the community, spread the words. it is especially effective if you start sitting your friends and family cats, build up your resume. you could also post flyers at local veterinary offices, animal rescue centers, and pet stores. you can also start your social media channels. cats and pet lovers are all over instagram, facebook and pinterest.2. cat writer or bloggerif writing is your thing and you obviously love cats, become a cat writer or blogger! start your own blog, write about cat food, cat health or cat fun. you can also reach out to established pet blogs and offer to write for them. you never know where it might take you.kate benjamin started her blog, moderncat.com, in 2008 to share her favorite design finds for cat lovers. she has expanded her blog to include a design studio, a distribution business and an online magazine for design conscious cat people.check out cat writer association if you are interested in starting your career as a cat writer.3. cat cafà © ownerthe cat cafà © is finally trending in europe and the united states. the first cat cafà © opened in taiwan in 1998. cat lovers who cannot have their own cat can visit cat cafà ©. usually, it is so popular among locals and tourists, and it is usually fully booked a month or so in advance.people visit cat cafà © to play and relax with cats. playing with cats can be such a stress reliever, it is especially popular in dense cities. in addition to making a profit from food and drinks, you can also charge adminission fee. you can even turn your cafà © into a cat shop.4. catnip sellera catnip bag costs around $2, and you can make a huge profit from selling toys filled with catnip. catnip sellers are known as the drug dealer of the cat world! you can sell these on amazon, etsy or even start your own online store. you can get your supply from your local pet shop.5. professional cat catcheryou can actually mak e up to $80 – $100 an hour catching cats. if you trust your cat instinct and can catch a cat, then start your own cat-catching business. start by reading jordana’s serebrenik’s book.6. veterinaryveterinary is one of the most rewarding career choice for animal lovers. to become a veterinarian, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree that’s heavy in science and then go to a veterinary school to complete a 4 year doctorate of veterinary medicine.although it’s a long process before becoming a veterinarian, there’s plenty of opportunities after school. u.s. department of labor reports that veterinarian jobs are expected to grow by 36% from 2010 to 2020.7. veterinary technician / veterinary assistantif you don’t fancy school, then maybe become a veterinary technician or veterinary assistant. both jobs give you the same opportunity to work closely with cats.to become a veterinary technician, you’ll need to finish a postsecondary program in veterinary technology, which is usually 2 years. you’ll also need to be registered and licensed, depending on the state you want to practice in.if 2 years is still too long for you, you can become a veterinary assistant. many college offer comprehensive training programs that can be completed in under a year, and sometimes, employers offer on the job training, so you can skip school altogether.8. thinking outside of the cat boxif you don’t like any of the traditional career paths listed above, no worries, start thinking outside of the kitty box for ways to earn your living as a cat lover. your ideal cat profession might not exist yet. your purrfect cat career is just around the corner and your cat instinct might be your best career guide.

Investment Clubs Options P4DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investment Clubs Options P4DB - Essay Example Still, this does not mean that a person should give up on the idea or desire of getting rich. 'Investing' is the option that allows a person to get affluent, provided one is willing to take intelligent and calculated risks. The second reason one must invest is that human body and mind deteriorate over time and so does the value of saved money. After having worked very hard in the youth, everyone desires to enjoy a happy and secure retired life. The problem is that the money saved by a person over time loses its worth owing to inflation (Orman, 2000). Hence, if a person has saved $ 100 one year and the rate of inflation is 5 percent, the next year that saved $ 100 will be able to purchase only $ 95 worth of goods and services. Now, imagine where one's savings will end, if one chooses to be a sitting duck before the vagaries of inflation. Hence, to make one's savings inflation proof, one ought to invest. Investment divests your savings of their laziness and makes your money work for you. Investing means making one's hard-earned money appreciate and generate income over time. 1. Before investing, an individual must be aware of one's short-term and long-term needs and requirements. Caring for short-term needs means making investments that can easily be liquidated. Such investments usually carry low returns. Providing for long-term needs means making investments that are more or less fixed over a specific period and yield high returns. One's genuine needs ought to define one's investment decisions. Therefore, if one is planning a baby next year, one will definitely have to pay the hospital bills and bear the other attached expenditures. In such a scenario, getting all one's savings entrapped in long-term investments is not wise. On the contrary, if one has young children and wants to provide for their college and university education, long term investments definitely make sense. 2. Always look forward to diversifying one's investments. Diversification means not risking everything on one endeavor. The entire motivation behind investing is the willingness of a person to take risk to get high returns. Hence, the magnitude of risk while investing is usually inversely proportional to the range of diversification (Markowitz, 1991). The more one diversify one's investments, the more is one insulated against risk. Therefore, it is always wiser to diversify investments among instruments like bonds, stocks, real estate, metals and mutual funds. 3. The investment and diversification strategy of an individual needs to be planned while taking into consideration one's age and the time left in one's retirement (Markowitz, 1991). While one is young, one can definitely afford to invest in high risk instruments in the expectation of getting good returns and optimal capital appreciation. However,

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR - Assignment Example What follows a portion of the meeting’s proceedings: Gus (Accounting Technician): â€Å"You see, the problem here is this new manager is constantly interfering. He gives us a job to do, gives us a deadline, and then before we can get to work, he’s down our necks for no apparent reason.† Our department, all 6 of us, had grown very used to running our show, to holding each other accountable, and for taking on many of the duties that our last boss entrusted us with challenging responsibilities, many of which he himself used to oversee until he saw that we could do it. We earned his trust and he had ours in return. Now, the freedom to make decisions, the ability to chart our own course seems to have vanished. It’s been a shocker, and a disappointing one to say the least†. ... Some days I’m not sure if I’m supposed to actually lead the team, or if I’m expected to function as a Staff Accountant when our Director’s around – after all, he’s calling all the shots around here anyway. It seems I’m not really leading anything.† And when I do give direction to the team, I feel myself snapping at them more than assisting them. It never used to be like that. We got along so well, understood our roles so clearly, and always seemed to have each other’s back when it counted. Now it’s like we can’t stand each other, are always at each other, and can’t wait for quitting time to roll around. Petra: This is helpful, and obviously not easy to for some to discuss. I appreciate your honesty here. Does anyone else have anything to add that I should be aware of? Darlene (Accounts Payable Clerk): I just can’t get over how different the look and feel of our team has become in the last month. As Gus and Wanda have said, we were a pretty well-oiled machine before this new Director stepped in. You could give us a task, offer a deadline, and know that this team would make things happen. Now, everyone is so confused over what is expected that it’s impacting our ability to work together. For myself, I’m finding myself growing so unsure of my own ability to exercise any independent thought for fear of retribution, that it’s just becoming easier to let others take the lead and kind of sit back. I know this isn’t right, and I know I need to get back to the way I once was, but I’m just not sure how realistic that is given our current situation. Besides, when I ever I step in and try to manage, I’m feeling second guessed. I don’t know whether I should be managing or

Please discuss the following question with philosophy knowledge and Essay

Please discuss the following question with philosophy knowledge and ethics - Essay Example All societies have an established and well defined moral code of conduct that governs the people’s behavior. This code of conduct is agreed upon and adhered to by all members of that society. Failure to uphold this moral code of conduct gives rise to the disruption of the social order of a society. This is followed closely by social chaos and social unrest. Insecurity in a society will also be rampant if the upholding of morality is not in an individual’s rational self-interest. Insecurity gives rise to vices such as theft, rape and violence. In an insecure society, people lack respect for one another. This is the reasoning behind the occurrence of most of these vices. The perpetrators of these vices do not care whether what they are doing is right or wrong. They simply commit them for their own self-gratification. Societies are governed by moral law whose main objective is to ensure the well-being and peace of its members. When the moral law is not adhered to, peace demises and insecurity flourishes. Morality is considered to have an innate value. This is why people ought to be morally upright. An individual or society that does not adhere to the laid down moral principles would easily destroy this innate value. The society will not achieve its goals and it will always lag behind in developmental issues. The individual will also be filled with guilt and lack focus in

Racism, Sexism, and Stereotypes In Media Essay -- Media Essays

This essay discusses censorship and the way in which social media and consumer products affect and model an appropriate societal ‘literacy’ or view in particular regards to gender and race, to young children. A summary of the stereotypes displayed in several videos viewed on YouTube, as well as student’s own identified stereotypes, both in regards to race and gender, are displayed below (Alexander, 2011; BrokenXLoner, 2012; Lac, 2013; Walt Disney Pictures, 1998, 1994, 1992, 1967, 1955, 1953, 1941): Examples of ‘Frequent Racial Stereotypes’ Displayed in Popular Culture African American (examples: Disney crows, orang-utans in Jungle Book, The Lion King hyenas) American Indians (example: American Indians from Peter Pan) †¢ Athletic, often dancing – jive, hip-hop, break dancing, hustle, †¢ Slowed, slurred speech patterns †¢ Jungle Book – orang-utans singing about wanting to be like men †¢ Underdog – has to work hard to get somewhere, ‘sidekick role’ †¢ Criminal – ‘hood’, guns, gangs, ‘crooked/shonky’, poor †¢ Player - sexualise females in particular †¢ Loud, opinionated women who boss around their men †¢ Comedians – loud, funny †¢ Depicted as saying ‘woo woo woo’ whilst clapping hand over mouth, and saying ‘ugg’ †¢ Teepees †¢ Dancing – jumping and kicking with arms crossed without much knowledge or sequence to their movements Asian (examples: Siamese Cats ‘Lady and The Tramp’, Mulan) Caucasian †¢ ‘Asian Features’ – slanted eyes, buck teeth †¢ Cunning and manipulative †¢ Seen as sexist and oppressive societies – girls have no value if they are not married, women should obey orders from men †¢ Intelligent †¢ Fighting/tough †¢ Women can be sexualised and fragile †¢ Tough parental expectations †¢ Rich †¢ Preppy †¢ Dumb †¢ Blon... ...The Lion King [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Disney Pictures. Walt Disney Pictures (Production Co.), & Clements, R. & Musker, J. (Directors). (1992). Aladdin [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Disney Pictures. Walt Disney Pictures (Production Co.), & Reitherman, W. (Director). (1967). The Jungle Book [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Disney Pictures. Walt Disney Pictures (Production Co.), & Geronimi, C., Jackson, W. & Luske, H. (Directors). (1955). The Lady and The Tramp [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Disney Pictures. Walt Disney Pictures (Production Co.), & Geronimi, C., Jackson, W. & Luske, H. (Directors). (1953). Peter Pan [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Disney Pictures. Walt Disney Pictures (Production Co.), & Armstrong, S., Ferguson, N., Jackson, W., Kinney, J., Roberts, B., Sharpsteen, B. (Directors). (1941). Dumbo [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Disney Pictures.

Information Technology logical security Essay

Logical data security is the guarding of information against unauthorized access while at the same time making sure that their integrity is guaranteed. If logical security is laid down in a shoddy way, then it would cause risks and its vulnerability may lead to the compromise of the data. System intrusion is one of the vulnerabilities for logical IT security. Software bugs may not all be eliminated by system administrators or programmers (Perry, 2006). The intruders therefore use the bugs to find holes and hack into system computers or server computers. These bugs can be in the form of buffer overflows, unconsidered inputs, and race conditions. Buffer overflows attack is extra information that can overwrite the actual data in the buffer and this data could be degrading the data integrity of the actual data. Race conditions attack is multiple processes access and use same data concurrently and end result is that one process may lose copying correct data since the other process may have changed the data. A system configuration is another issue that normally forms another form of system intrusion. Most systems have default manufacturers configurations. Customers find it easy to use since root/administrator passwords are usually empty/blank. If administrators overlook re-configuration of access controls, then the system can be intruded into even through the network. With the advent of technologies that can eavesdrop at the moving traffic, there has been the creation of sniffer software which are use to monitor the traffic. Sniffing unsecured traffic is poison for logical security. A sniffer can also be used legitimately or illegitimately to capture data transmitted on a network. It can be illegitimately used when the network router reads data packets then determining its intended destination in the network. A router may have a sniffer program that reads data in the packet and can see its source and destination then sends it to unintended destinations due to intrusion mechanisms in the network such as use of software bugs. Control on key directories for data should be factored in access standards to avoid unauthorized access. Limiting or eliminating access to everyone is important therefore restricting use of removable media such as flash disks and floppy disks for confidential information (Cole, & Krutz, 2005). Data integrity should be observed to ensure information stored is as original especially through performing synchronization from time to time to take care of bugs such as race conditions. Confidential information should be encrypted especially that which is sensitive and so done appropriately. Forgetting to back-up and store data on a regular schedule would run organization into crisis especially if the computer system breaks down, especially if the hard disk holding the crucial data crashes. Output devices such as scanners and printers on the network assigned for confidential information should at all time be under monitoring by use of monitoring utility software. Software for local systems should be legal. Vendors face the risk of software piracy for example illegal copying of their software. Organizations should ensure that they install software that has been licensed. Licensed software is beneficial since their updates and patches could easily be attained from the Internet (Perry, 2006). Open source software give users advantage of using them at their own disposal since they are freeware and don’t require license to install them. Their safety is questionable and may not be guaranteed, they could be prone to bugs as they are easily customizable. Pirated operating systems which access the Internet are dangerous and pose danger to the applications installed on it. Such systems can be in risk of being virus infected or may acquire worms and Trojans. Therefore organizations should ensure licenses bought are used for the OS and renewal of the licenses done at end of term for each license, this then will allow recommended updates and patches for the operating system (Cole, & Krutz, 2005). Building security levels on user data is crucial since it ensures confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data. The different levels would be such as access to workstations and desktop applications, access to computer servers and data, access to business bespoke applications. Access built only for authenticated persons using password and ID’s. Password policies should be in place such as allowing strong passwords of more than six characters, allow changing password on regularly basis say after 3 months, one password per one user ID. Password sharing among employees could cause malicious use of a user’s account by another user and this will be untraceable and unsuitable, users should therefore be formally notified their role in user ID and password protection for their user accounts. Web security attack is common in the cyber cafes and computer systems always accessing the Internet. Some of the HTTP (Hyper Text Transport protocol) vulnerabilities include cross-site scripting attacker gains control of the scripts location header and redirects the scripts. The second HTTP vulnerability is the web cache poisoning that allows attack websites visited by many users (Contos, Crowell, Derodeff, & Cole, 2007). The attacker redirects the URL of the website to the IP address of his computer. Web vulnerability is the cross-user defacement attacks where a website maybe seen defaced by a user and at this time attacker is stealing or resetting cookies sessions. Network infrastructure laid without software firewalls spell doom for logical security in the network. This is so because intruders can use software for maliciousness such as phishing where the attacker or program successfully masquerades as another by falsifying data and to the recipient the site appears as genuine but then the attacker will then manipulate or steal recipient’s credentials such as login details or financial information. This kind of masquerade is also called spoofing (Hoffer, Prescott, & McFadden, 2008). Local systems that have their firewalls disabled on system services provided by Operating systems such as Microsoft windows is a threat to security. All the time, firewalls should be set to enabled state and exceptions created for required software applications in the network. Viruses are programs or codes that can alter other programs functionality or render another program useless. Inadvertently leaving virus infected computer systems still connected on the network pose danger of infecting other computer systems in the same network through self-propagating viruses or Trojans or worms. Viruses can also be attained through e-mails. Some chain e-mails sent to users have attachments that have viruses attached to them. They infect a computer system once they are opened or downloaded to the computer hard disk. Distribution of such viruses could also be through the same network and media devices such as external hard disks and flash disks. Repudiation is the situation where one is able to deny being partisan to information manipulation. This is vulnerable for the data confidentiality and integrity of information. The best way to guarantee perpetrators don’t walk scot free is by ensuring data access controls are well defined such as event logs for applications and strong holding policies such as one user password per one user ID, remote monitoring the network activities and data sent and received and saving security logs for local system among other policies very important for non-repudiation.

Tpn Nutrition Case Study - 1274 Words

t has been pointed out that there is a possibility of deficiencies in trace elements during TPN nutrition control procedures without the addition of trace elements, and, in fact, in several foreign countries have developed TPN solutions containing plural trace elements for the purposes of therapy. (9) In this studied we applied a TPN solution to a group of rats with a trace element deficient diet and compared it with a group of rats with a TPN diet supplemented with iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and iodine were compared while the rats were alive. First, with respect to blood properties (RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, and MCH), the levels of group A, B, and C significantly decreased compared to those of group D. Groups A, B, and C showed signs of†¦show more content†¦However, iron concentrations in the brain, heart, liver, testis, and tibia in group B tended to shower higher values than those of group A, even though they didn’t reach the same levels as group D. It was suggested t hat if the nutrition management was continued for a longer period of time and the trace element solution was used, that there is a possibility that the blood fluid properties and iron deficiency state of the subjects could have been improved. The occurrence of deficiencies during the time of TPN treatments which have been cured by zinc has been reported numerous times, (2, 3) and it is widely accepted that adding zinc to TPN solutions is necessary. When comparing groups A and C, the zinc concentration in group A in plasma and the tibia’s of subjects showed a significantly lower value, and it is possible that the TPN treatment made zinc deficiency worse. The level of zinc in group B (the trace element mixed solution group) was almost the same as group D. These doses seemed to be proper for alleviating zinc deficiency. ALP uses zinc as a coenzyme, and it has been reported that when zinc is intraperitoneally administered to zinc deficient rats, ALP levels increase markedly. (11) In this experiment ALP levels were elevated by administration of the trace element mixed solution. This change in ALP levels was consistent with the change in plasma zinc concentration levels. Declines is zinc concentration in blood plasma or ALP would reflect zincShow MoreRelatedMalnutrition Increases Morbidity and Mortality Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesthat can worsen the case in elderly population. Malnutrition increases morbidity, mortality, complication rates, and the length of stay in hospitals.2 The prevalence rate of hospital malnutrition ranges between 20% to 60% and among outpatient is 7% to 16%. Disease-related malnutrition has become an economical issue. In Europe, it costs up to $125 billion every year. 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Important Tool Used For The Political Field - 1333 Words

Close Consideration is the important tool used to analyze works of nonfiction like governmental documents, political documents, and/or books, and social statements. Close consideration of a document is when you analyze a document for fallacies, claims, analogies, etc. It’s mostly used to analyze political claims, looking for types of claims and fallacies. By using close consideration a reader becomes more enlightened to a politician s claim and his or her fallacies, this is very important in the political field because it determines whether or not a candidate receives your support. By using the strategy of close consideration, a reader could analyze any form of documentation to become a more informed voter, a more informed citizen that†¦show more content†¦This example shows that the effect of close consideration on claims and fallacies brings a higher awareness to an issue. Whether educational, political, social, close consideration of any topic will enlighten more people. Take into account the following quote by Karl Marx, from the Manifesto of the Communist Party, â€Å"Communism is acknowledged by all powers to be itself a power.† The mentioned quote by Karl Marx talks about the effect of communism in Europe. According to him, the communist party is considered a force to be reckoned with by all of the European nations. This claim of fact has an effect on the reader, making the reader assume that the communist party is strong. However, this statement contains a hasty generalization. The quote assumes that communism is considered a power by the other european nations, but it fails to acknowledge the more powerful european nations like Britain, who, being a much wealthier country, would fail in acknowledging the existence of the communist party, while other countries like Russia where there was poverty and indecent working conditions, considered communism to be an amazing ideology, one capable of relieving them from the indecent condi tions and to work in a better climate, and to be paid equally. If one does not notice the fallacy in his statement, readers will have a false idea that communism is having an

The American Revolution And Slavery - 3056 Words

Slavery Demetria Juarez 1301.11 US History From 1763-1877 Dr. Gwinyai P. Muzorewa Lamar University Abstract This mission involves discovering how the Civil War was remembered during the nineteenth century. Slavery was a controversial concern during this era, especially for those that endured the pain and suffering, the victims. Examining events, such as the Three-fifths Clause, the Fugitive Slave Clause, the Civil War and the abolition of Slavery. Observing these events, it becomes clear the American Revolution was also an attempt to diminish the perspective of the north and south pertaining to the concept of equality and human rights regardless of color. Demonstrating that the American Revolution was one of the most memorable occurrences in American history, this research highlights the importance of the revolution in shaping the actions of the United States government and initializing the concept of â€Å"liberty and justice for all,† with regard to the statues of Black Americans. Therefore this paper will exhibit the profound effects on the institution of Slavery. The American Revolution and Slavery (Outline) Slavery in 1763-1877 I. The American Revolution had deep rooted effects on slavery. a) African Americans fought during the Revolution b) Five thousand African-Americans enlisted in state militias and the Continental army and navy. c) Some slaves gained freedom by serving in place of an owner. d) Abolitionist’s laws started slowlyShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The American Revolution938 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts that are constantly changing, and the American Revolution brought upon major changes to their definitions in the colonies. Two major changes of beliefs were in the concept of slavery and also the roles of women in society. The American Revolution was partly based on the right for American’s to control their own property. At this time property could include other human beings. Before the revolutionary war, slavery was a central institution in American society in the late 18th century. AlthoughRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution1987 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery has been a key issue in American history since the first settlers settled here in 1607. Historians such as Vincent J Rosivach writes that when the issue of slavery is mentioned the first thing people think about is the slavery model of the deep south, the cotton kingdom. Rosivach writes that there were many different slave models such as the northern American colonies and 4th century Athens. Rosivach and many other historians agree that the way slavery was done in the north was totally differentRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution1132 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery, was an institution strongly integrated into American s ociety. This economic system was primarily used in the Southern states of the United State on the plantation areas where tobacco, rice, corn, and eventually cotton were grown. Inspirations of freedom and liberty spread throughout the United States prior to the American Revolution. Along with thoughts of liberty came thoughts of emancipation of this system. â€Å"Even after the prolonged battle for independence, when cries for liberty rangRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution2902 Words   |  12 PagesThat is the reason behind me choosing my topic on slavery in that era because it is such a wide and important topic with so much relevance and importance to creating the U.S. that we live in today not only building the foundation but creating the melting pot that the U.S. prides itself on. Within the body of this essay we will discussing many important topics on slavery including the Haitian Revolution, Brazil being the last country to abolish slavery, showing the difference be tween women and men slavesRead MoreAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution885 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that was not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past forms of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wantingRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe slave population in the United States of America grew to 500,000 in 1176, documenting slavery as part of the American Revolution became increasingly important. America was rooted in slavery; and it contributed to the economy and social structure. The revolution forced citizens of the new nation to be conscious of slavery and its potential dismissal from every day life. Two articles that prove slavery only succeeded because of the false reality that slave owners created and the conformity toRead MoreSlavery During The American Revolution Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery was held out until 1865, but during this time period abolitionist are trying to do anything to stop slavery. The reason being is because slavery wasn’t slavery anymore. Slavery was beginning to become more advance due to technological innovation. The Abolitionist are people that were against slavery and would boycott anything to get rid of slavery. The argument that the Abolitionist had during this time period was its conditions as violating Christian’s principals and rights to equalityRead MoreAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution879 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many sl aves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past form of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wanting freedomRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1771 Words   |  8 Pagesto slavery and underwent the American Revolutionary War. Colonization of the New World by Europeans during the seventeenth century resulted in a great expansion of slavery, which later became the most common form of labor in the colonies. According to Peter Kolchin, modern Western slavery was a product of European expansion and was predominantly a system of labor. Even with the introduction of slavery to the New World, life still wasn’t as smooth as we may presume. Although the early American colonist sRead MoreEssay about The American Revolution and the Institution of Slavery580 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The American Revolution is defined as the political turbulence that took place towards the end of eighteenth century when thirteen colonies in America united to attain freedom from the British Empire (Clifford, 2005). The union of the thirteen colonies is now known as the United States of America. According to Clifford (2005), the American Revolution occurred because of a series of political, intellectual, and social transformations in the American government and society, which is

Convexity and Nonsatiation Free Essays

Checking the convexity and nonsatiation assumptions EC201 LSE Margaret Bray October 25, 2009 1 Nonsatiation 1. 1 1. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Convexity and Nonsatiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 The simple story De? nition and conditions for nonsatiation Informally nonsatiation means that â€Å"more is better†. This is not a precise statement, and it is possible to work with a number of di? erent de? nitions. For EC201 †¢ Nonsatiation means that utility can be increased by increasing consumption of one or both goods. If the utility function is di? erentiable you should test for nonsatiation by ? nding the partial derivatives of the utility function. 1. 1. 2 Example: testing for convexity with a Cobb-Douglas utility function A Cobb-Douglas utility function has the form u(x1 , x2 ) = xa xb where a gt; 0 and b gt; 0. Here u(x1 , x2 ) = 12 2/5 3/5 x1 x2 . Assuming that x1 gt; 0 and x2 gt; 0 the partial derivatives are ? u ?x1 ?u ?x2 = = 2 ? 3/5 3/5 x2 gt; 0 x 51 3 2/5 ? 2/5 gt; 0. xx 51 2 (1) (2) You should note that because the partial derivatives are both strictly1 positive utility is a strictly2 increasing function of both x1 and x2 when x1 gt; 0 and x2 gt; 0 so nonsatiation is satis? ed. 1. 1. 3 Implications of nonsatiation 1. If utility is strictly increasing in both goods then the indi? erence curve is downward sloping because if x1 is increased holding x2 constant then utility is increased, so it is necessary to reduce x2 to get back to the original indi? erence curve. 2. If utility is strictly increasing in both goods then a consumer that maximizes utility subject to the budget constraint and nonnegativity constraints will choose a bundle of goods which satis? es the budget constraint as an equality so p1 x1 + p2 x2 = m, because if p1 x1 + p2 x2 lt; m it is possible to increase utility by increasing x1 and x2 whilst still satisfying the budget constraint. A number is strictly positive if it is greater than 0. function is strictly increasing in x1 if when x0 gt; x1 and x2 is held constant at x2 then u x0 , x2 gt; u (x1 , x2 ). 1 1 The important point here is that the inequality gt; is strict. 2A 1 1. 1. 4 Nonsatiation with perfect complements utility A utility function of the form u (x1 , x2 ) = min (a1 x1 , a2 x2 ) is called a perfect complements utility function, but the partial derivative argument does not work because the partial derivatives do not exist at a point where a1 x1 = a2 x2 which is where the solution to the consumer’s utility maximizing problem always lie. This is discussed in consumer theory worked example 6 1. 2 1. 2. 1 Nonsatiation: beyond EC201 Complications with the Cobb-Douglas utility function A really detailed discussion of nonsatiation with Cobb-Douglas utility would note that the partial derivative argument does not work at points where the partial derivatives do not exist. The partial ? u derivative does not exist if x1 = 0 because the formula requires dividing by 0. Similarly the ? x1 ?u formula for requires dividing by 0 if x2 = 0 so the function does not have a partial derivative with ? x2 respect to x2 when x2 = 0. However observe that if x1 = 0 or x2 = 0 then u(x1 , x2 ) = 0, whereas if x1 gt; 0 and x2 gt; 0 then u(x1 , x2 ) gt; 0 so if one or both x1 and x2 is zero then increasing both x1 and x2 always increases utility. Thus nonsatiation holds for all values of x1 and x2 with x1 ? 0 and x2 ? 0. 1. 2. 2 More general formulations ?u ?u gt; 0 and gt; 0 implies nonsatiation. However these conditions can be ?x1 ?x2 weakened considerably without losing the implication that the consumer maximizes utility by choosing a point on the budget line which is what really matters. For example if utility is increasing in good 1 but decreasing in good 2 so good 2 is in fact a â€Å"bad† the consumer maximizes utility by spending all income on good 1 and nothing on good 2. The condition that 2 2. 1 2. 1. 1 Convexity and concavity Concepts Convex sets A set is convex if the straight line joining any two points in the set lies entirely within the set. Figure 1 illustrates convex and non-convex sets. 2. 1. 2 Convex functions A function is convex if the straight line joining any two points on the graph of the function lies entirely on or above the graph as illustrated in ? gure 2. Another way of looking at convex functions is that they are functions for which the set of points lying above the graph is convex. Figure 2 suggests that if the ? rst derivative of a function does not decrease anywhere then the function is convex. This suggestion is correct. If the function has a second derivative that is positive or zero everywhere then the ? rst derivative cannot decrease so the function is convex. This gives a way of testing whether a function is convex. Find the second derivative; if the second derivative is positive or zero everywhere then the function is convex. 2. 1. 3 Concave functions Concave functions are important in the theory of the ? rm. A function is concave if the straight line joining any two points on the graph of the function lies entirely on or below the graph as illustrated in ? gure 3. Another way of looking at concave functions is that they are functions for which the set of points lying below the graph is convex. Figure 3 suggests that if the ? rst derivative of a function does not increase anywhere then the function is concave. This suggestion is correct. If the function 2 Convexity Mathematically a set is convex if any straight line joining wo points in the set lies in the set. Which of these sets are convex? B A non-convex convex C D convex non-convex Figure 1: Convex sets A function is convex if a straight line joining two points on its graph lies entirely on or above the function. If the second derivative of the function is positive or zero at every point then x2 the function is convex. 0 x1 Figure 2: A convex function 3 A f u nc tio n is c on ca ve if a s tra ight lin e joining tw o po ints on its g ra ph lies en tirely o n or be low the fun ction . If the s ec on d de riva tiv e o f the fun ction is ne ga tive or zero a t e very p oint the n 2 the fun ction is c on ca ve . ca ve 0 x1 Figure 3: A concave function has a second derivative that is negative or zero everywhere then the ? rst derivative cannot increase so the function is concave. This gives a way of testing whether a function is convex. Find the second derivative; if the second derivative is negative or zero everywhere then the function is concave. You may ? nd it easier to remember the di? erence between convex and concave functions if you think that a function is concave if it has a cave underneath it. 2. 2 2. 2. 1 Convexity in consumer theory De? nition The convexity assumption in consumer theory is that for any (x10 , x20 ) the set of points for which u(x1 , x2 ) ? u (x10 , x20 ) is convex. If utility is strictly increasing in both x1 and x2 so the indi? erence curve slopes downwards the convexity assumption is is equivalent to an assumption that thinking of the indi? erence curve as the graph of a function that gives x2 as a function of x1 the function is convex. ?u ?u gt; 0 and gt; 0 so the indi? erence Thus if the test for nonsatiation establishes that both ?x1 ?x2 curves are downward sloping the convexity assumption can be tested by rearranging the equation for an indi? rence curve to get x2 as a function of x1 and u, and then ? nding whether the second derivative ? 2 x2 gt; 0. ?x2 1 2. 2. 2 Example: testing for convexity with a Cobb-Douglas utility function 2/5 3/5 Here u(x1 , x2 ) = x1 x2 . Write 2/5 3/5 u = x1 x2 . (3) Rearranging to get x2 as a function of x1 and u ?2/3 x2 = u5/3 x1 . Holding u constant so staying on the sa me indi? erence curve ? x2 2 ?5/3 = ? u5/3 x1 ?x1 3 and 10 5/3 ? 8/3 ? 2 x2 = gt;0 u x1 ?x2 9 1 4 (4) ?u ?u gt; 0 and gt; 0 the indi? erence ?x1 ?x2 curve is downward sloping and the preferred set is above the indi? rence curve so the convexity condition is satis? ed. so on an indi? erence curve x2 is a convex function of x1 . Because 2. 2. 3 Algebra problems You should know how to rearrange equation 3 to get equation 4. If this is causing you problems note ? rstly that equation 3 implies that ? ?5/3 2/5 3/5 2/3 u5/3 = x1 x2 = x1 x2 so x2 = 2. 3 u5/3 2/3 x1 ?2/3 = u5/3 x1 . Beyond EC201 Concavity and convexity can be de? ned algebraically and this is essential if you want to prove any results about concavity and convexity rather than appealing to intuition as I have done here. The procedure I have given for checking the convexity condition in consumer theory requires that the ? rst ? u ?u derivatives gt; 0 and gt; 0 and does not work with more than two goods. There is a much ? x1 ?x2 more general method; write down the matrix of second derivatives of the function u (x1 , x2 ). If this matrix is positive semide? nite everywhere the function is convex, if the matrix is negative semide? nite everywhere the function is concave. You do not need to know about this for EC201. 5 How to cite Convexity and Nonsatiation, Papers

Social Work Theory and Practice-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: What are the main challenges faced by social work today when working with individuals and families in our Australian context. Consider the political, cultural and social diversity that social workers face in their work and how the professions values, ethics and theoretical perspectives provide direction for practice. Answer: Social work can be considered as a practice-oriented profession as well as an academic discipline that results in the promotion of social change and growth. It is considered as a regulated career where social workers have been inducted in a unique manner to serve and support individuals, communities, families in order to accomplish some of the biggest challenges and risks of life (Lawrence, 2016). However, social workers play a vital role in protecting the liberty and rights to enhance and empower children, grown-ups and families. Social workers implement a distinctive array of legal and social work awareness and knowledge to assist citizens to bring alterations in their lives. This essay aims to understand the challenges and risks experienced by social workers while interacting and working with individuals and communities situated in the Australia. The paper will also elaborate certain political, cultural and social diversities that social agents experience during their course of wo rk by shedding light on the way these factors are influencing the Australian families. In addition to this, it will also focus on the means in which these issues will give impact on the social policies and social work practices. Lastly, this essay will be providing certain theoretical as well as ethical frameworks that will support social workers to manage and navigate risks and challenges during their everyday work. Social workers have always represented areas of concern regarding their public representation from the foundation of their professionalism. However, traditionally social agents have continued to accomplish the role of protectors and guardians of the helpless and vulnerable members of the society. However, confusions and hostility pertaining to this type of work might create hindrance to accomplish the aims of the profession to assist and navigate public in need. During the mid nineteenth century, the role of social work in Australia had been moderately vulnerable in authority (Dominelli, 2017). Several limited training opportunities and a sharp decline in trained employee workforce created obstacles in the process of expansion and expertise of social work in various areas related to its production and service. Therefore, the establishment of training institutions for social work occurred in three states namely Victoria, New South Wales as well as South Australia. Social agents had been experiencing issues of work practices, womens rights in the early as well as later decades. The idea of ethics, morals and principles of practice is a difficult process to work within limited space. It becomes immensely complex to envision the reaching global agreed state of fundamental values and ethics of practice for dealing with youth, children, parents as well as other members of the family. In all significant respects, childhood is a phase, which remains attached to the marginalized section as a temporary and intermediary status (Adams, 2011). The outcome of children being debarred from engaging into the vital positions of the society. Older children and adolescents are also often considered as unruly and wearisome who fail to be engaged with the practice of social work and further facilitate to the society (McMahon Camberis, 2017). Social workers perceive the situation of children as a matter of concern while taking their positions within the social str ucture into consideration. However, it must be noted that the focal area of social workers deal with the areas of inclination of children that has a considerable increase in the past decades. An intense and collaborative relationship of AASW with the government, educational institutes, customer associations and community has been witnessed the immense significance of Aboriginal and Torres State Islanders (Alma Iran, 2015). The practice of social service with the Aboriginal communities is Australia is notified by understanding. Social workers acknowledge the historical shortcomings of the community and further implications related to the act of social service. They honour and identify the ethnicity and cultural diversity of the Australian society with the existence of diversity among the people, communities and groups belonging to indigenous and other cultures. The varied references and information of indigenous groups, the AASW code has been revised which added general statement related to cultural diversity (Coombs, Nicholas, Parkas, 2013). A case of serious concern lies regarding the analysis of social work ethics. Several social service practitioners who worked on im migrants, refugees and non-English speaking communities have stated that the AASW code failed to address several areas of concern such as sexuality, culture, race, ethnicity and alike. Modernist theorise often create obstacles for social workers to deal with the participants responses. Social work practitioners must consider the significant economic implications while dealing with mental health services. Several factors, which have relation to socioeconomic status, may situate the poverty-stricken victims who are often denied assistance by social workers. Although social workers often make frequent visits to the places of socially and economically deprived families, many have expressed fear and apathetic towards the families. Many have stated to continue their practice within the places of their comfort with clients paying visit to them. However, the times when assistance towards mental health are situated at a distance from the communities which they have claimed to serve certain level of biasness becomes evident from the position of the social workers. The notions of services to mental health and wellbeing remain indistinct and blurred to many communities with varied cultural aspects. For instance, the concepts comprehended in English and Spanish language fail to demonstrate similar connotations. There is a great need and demand for bilingual social practitioners who can effectively illustrate the purpose of the work while catering various sections of linguistic minorities. A sudden unemployment surge in recent times has caused an immense effect on the industrial growth of the country. The anticipation of over sixty five thousand job cuts raised an issue of concern amongst the Australian families (Carvalho, 2015). However, it must be taken into account that this type of unemployment stress has given rise to mental illness among the workers in the labour force. The rate of labour retrenchment has severely hit the Australian youth that has increased from twelve to fifteen percent with less than a decade. A nongovernmental organization in this country has characterized this kind of a disgraceful economic state as a scandalous situation for the countrys youths. In recent times, Australian families are experiencing several social risks and challenges. An overbearing past of colonization has led the countrys political situation be troubled with various conservative liberalism, privatization as well as market philosophy. Subjects related to the issues of respecting and giving privileges to other cultures has predominantly existed in this country. Australia has been assigned to the Universal Declaration on Human Rights that further states the equality and respect for all humans in terms of rights, freedoms and authorities with the exclusion of any kind of racism (Fozdar, Hartley, 2013). An amount of over five million families in Australia was living in the country during 1990s (Robinson, 2013). A vast population of immigrants of the Aboriginal as well as Torres Strait Islanders backgrounds has been witnessed in comparison to the communities who did not belong to the indigenous families. However, it was noted that the former resided in multifam ily households whereas the later were mainly single households. One of the causes related to this disparity lied on the increasing rates of unemployment and economic scarcity among the Indigenous families (Bennett, 2015). The cause of the difference also occurred due to the reasonably higher percentage of deaths and male imprisonment. Socio economic dissimilarity has been considered as another cause of family diversity where the availability of jobs and adequate earnings were not distributed equally among the families in Australia. The early twenty first century had witnessed about twenty percent of families without a bread earner, a percentage of almost fifty consisting of sole earners who were primarily women (Markus, 2014). There is a need of social as well as public policies to be implemented in order to protect and respond to the divergence of individualistic and family assemblage occurring in the Australian society. These policies further needs to focus on the social, ethnic a nd economic factors related to the society. Public policies are significant, as the growing rates of unemployment, single parent families and deprivation have caused major impacts on the living conditions of the youth and children of the country. Employee engagement and availability of jobs along with labour market policies, health facilities can either lead to the advancement and promotion of equality and reduce exclusion. The process of migration has been a critical factor for the growth of the Australias social capital. Millions of migrants have chosen this country as a place for occupation, production as well as fill up the gaps of labour scarcity. It must be taken into account that a countrys cultural and economic development is highly dependent on the migrant population, who not only upsurges the human investment stocks but also leads to the increase in social and recreational activities of the Australians. The major portion of social revenue that is related to migration is characterized as short term and is developed from the process of settlement. The immigrant families experience several dilemmas associated with difficulties with English language, cultural assimilation, and lack of infrastructure facilities as well along with spiritual and religious fundamentalism (Bennett, 2015). Several other concerns raised by the indigenous communities were mostly related to the temporary association or cul tural struggle between the migrants and the members associated with the host culture. The Federal Government of Australia for past several years has been actively working on the fund distribution to ethno specific groups through the means of the immigration department. The main purpose of this financial support was to provide services to the refugees as well as humanitarian entrants (Kilpatrick et al., 2015). This funding system has proved to be greatly beneficial to the Australian communities in reaching out to the settlement development in the country. These funding have not played a vital role in the establishment of members of diverse communities but has also contributed to an effective settlement for thousands of refugees. However, it must be noted that this process of settlement can be interrupted and hindered by few external factors which might led an individual to lose his own refugee area. Communities, which are based particularly on ethnicity, have huge reliance and dependence on the SGP funded position in order to improve the sustainability level (Ballantyn e Burke, 2017). However, a loss of such an organization has caused immense impact of the ethnic organizations because of their high-level dependency. Several ethno specific organizations were left with no capitals and incomes to provide further contributions to the wider community via these services, which are created to meet communitarian needs and desires. The practice of social work involves several stages of evaluation, observation, and intervention with an involvement of supporting and promoting human development and social justice. In order to have a smooth social work practice and initiate these strategies, social practitioners must observe and evaluate the way to proceed with each phase within a given circumstances. The concept of social policy along with social welfare is often identified as similar concepts although they have varied approaches. These practice of social policy and justice results in different explanations and even contradictory views that is dependent on the position of the affected ones both as a recipient and contributor. The idea of social justice relies on the welfare of human beings that can be recognized worldwide. The Chinese civilization argues about the concepts of social guiding principles and social welfare which can be found in the traditional ways of teaching of the ancient philosophers who has stil l immense contribution in various Chinese educational institutions (Scerra, 2012). The implementation of social justice to the mankind has its origin in the Global Declaration of Human Rights Charter of the United Nations that spoke how human rights has strong association with dignity and value of individuals who seek to ensure freedom and sovereignty from all types of fear and anxiety. The core responsibility in social work practice remains in accomplishing obligations in order to look after human rights for achieves justice. The role of governments is confronted by differing and conflicting human demands and desires from varied sections of the society. The concept of risk tolerance plays a vital role in the act of practice for a social worker. This concept of risk tolerance is referred as a level of comfort social workers take, both for oneself as well as for the client (resources, priorities and alike) during their social service in order to accomplish the purpose (Ritchie et al., 2013). Another component related to social work is the model for ethical decision-making. However, it must be taken into account that maintaining ethical strategies is not considered, as an effortless job as even with the most accurate purpose and objectives social workers might still be ineffective. Social work practitioners must incorporate proper strategies while making ethical decisions. An effective observation and understanding of the participants through constructing disagreements and arguments would help in the justification of the actions of the social workers. Practitioners must determine the aims and purposes, which participants will accomplis h. Ethical social workers are confident in the usage of decision making that further supports to critical thinking as well as reflection. It is required for the social workers to use specialized and proficient decision-making equipments during the interaction and consultation with students or supervisors. This ethical framework is considered as a primary component in order to conduct a professional social service practice. Social practitioners experience several dilemmas during their practice and further require resolving those effectively. Certain issues social workers face during their practice can be self-disclosure, confidentiality, personal and qualified boundaries and lastly difference of interest. Regardless to the expertise and skills professional social work, practitioners possess, yet they would be bombarded with several issues and dilemma because of certain challenging societal or behavioural reinforcement. The issues, which social workers face while conducting their practices in a school context include issues related to abuse, harassment, school attendance, aggression and other psychological concerns that negatively influence student socialization. However, through the process of social learning theory, practitioners can observe and work on these issues. The concept of general system theoretical practice puts prominence to the reciprocity of relationships among the elements of the system (Blaikie et al., 2014). This theory helps in enhancing the attention of the social worker to diverse organizations within which an individual functions. Conflict theory is considered as a significant foundation for social work related to the association of communities for macro level wor k. The interests and aims of various leaders, organizers remain unnoticed and disregarded because of their lack of alignment to dominant thoughts and perceptions (Congress, 2017). Thus, there lies a requirement of identifying the interests and desires of these organizer and directors. The duty of community organizers is to bridge the gaps found within communities and neighbourhood resulted because of the conflicts among members of the communities. Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that the fundamental purpose of social work is to provide guidance and assistance to their clients and members of the society to accomplish their respective needs as well as desires to further enhance and encourage the humanitarian wellbeing. Social work practitioners work in a productive manner to act in response to the demands and obligations of the members of the society. The essay highlights certain challenges social workers experience while conducting their work with the Australian Aboriginals and Torrent Islander Communities. The paper further focuses on the factors influencing the migrants and refugee population in the country. Lastly, the paper will elaborate certain ethical and theoretical frameworks, which would assist the social workers to navigate challenges during their course of work. References Adams, R. (Ed.). (2011).Working with children and families: knowledge and contexts for practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Ballantyne, G., Burke, L. (2017). People live in their heads a lot: Polymedia, life course, and meanings of home among Melbournes older Irish community.Transnational Social Review,7(1), 10-24. Bennett, B. (2015). Stop deploying your white privilege on me! Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander engagement with the Australian Association of Social Workers.Australian Social Work,68(1), 19-31. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., Wisner, B. (2014).At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Carvalho, P. (2015). Youth unemployment in Australia.Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas,31(4), 36. Congress, E. P. (2017). What social workers should know about ethics: Understanding and resolving practice dilemmas.Social Work Ethics, 1909. Coombs, T., Nicholas, A., Pirkis, J. (2013). A review of social inclusion measures.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,47(10), 906-919. Dominelli, L. (2017).Anti-racist social work. Palgrave. Fozdar, F., Hartley, L. (2013). Civic and ethno belonging among recent refugees to Australia.Journal of refugee studies,27(1), 126-144. Fozdar, F., Hartley, L. (2013). Refugee resettlement in Australia: What we know and need to know.Refugee Survey Quarterly,32(3), 23-51. Kilpatrick, S., Johnson, L., King, T. J., Jackson, R., Jatrana, S. (2015). Making connections in a regional city: Social capital and the primary social contract.Journal of Sociology,51(2), 207-220. Lawrence, R. J. (2016).Professional social work in Australia. ANU Press. Markus, A. (2014). Attitudes to immigration and cultural diversity in Australia.Journal of Sociology,50(1), 10-22. McMahon, C., Camberis, A. L. (2017). Family as the primary context of children's development. Murray, K. E., Marx, D. M. (2013). Attitudes toward unauthorized immigrants, authorized immigrants, and refugees.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,19(3), 332. Payne, M. (2015).Modern social work theory. Oxford University Press. Reamer, F. G. (2013). Social work in a digital age: Ethical and risk management challenges.Social work,58(2), 163-172. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Robinson, K. (2013). Voices from the front line: Social work with refugees and asylum seekers in Australia and the UK.British Journal of social work,44(6), 1602-1620. Scerra, N. (2012). Strengths-based practices: An overview of the evidence.Developing Practice: The Child, Youth and Family Work Journal, (31), 43.